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世界*實驗材料供應商 Worthington Biochemical 正式授權上海起發為其中國代理， Worthington Biochemical 在一直是行業的*,一直為廣大科研客戶提供zui為的產品和服務,上海起發一直秉承為中國科研客戶帶來的產品，的服務，簽約 Worthington Biochemical 就是為了給廣大科研客戶帶來更加完善的產品和服務,您的滿意將是我們zui大的收獲
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Worthington組織消化指南
引言
組織消化酶主要用于組織培養和細胞生物學研究的原代細胞的分離和收集。盡管這些消化酶已經普遍應用多年，但是對其組織消化和細胞收集的作用機制卻沒有全面的理解。 由此導致的結果便是選擇一種消化方法大多是隨機選擇或基于過去的經驗，而不是在*理解消化原理的基礎上選擇的消化方案，以及如何根據具體實驗目的修正消化方案以獲得更好的實驗結果。
細胞分離程序的目的是zui大程度的獲得功能活性的單個細胞，而影響結果的原因有很多，包括（不限于）以下：
1、組織類型
2、物種來源
3、動物年齡
4、遺傳改造情況（如knockouts）
5、所用的消化培養液
6、所用的酶
7、消化酶中的雜質
8、所用消化酶的工作濃度
9、溫度
10、孵育時間
通常前四個原因沒辦法選擇，而剩下的原因一般由經驗決定以獲取zui適實驗結果。
通過查閱文獻來選擇*組織消化酶和zui適消化條件的研究人員通常被互相矛盾的實驗數據搞得一頭霧水。這些巨大差異來源于組織胞外基質的復雜而動態的特性，以及過去常用的粗制、未提純的組織分離酶。另外，組織胞外基質由各種蛋白、糖蛋白、脂類和糖脂組成，這些成分的組成比例在不同物種、不同組織、甚至不同發育（年齡）之間存在明顯的差異，這些因素都極大的影響了消化方案的制定。目前通常使用的粗制酶，如鏈霉蛋白酶、NF1:250、以及含有幾種其他不同濃度蛋白酶的膠原酶、以及各種多糖酶、核酶和脂酶。
本指南總結了目前常用組織消化酶的zui適消化和細胞收集知識和方法，描述了標準的實驗步驟， 以便于制定一個*的細胞分離方案，同時列舉了一些相關的參考文獻。
下表列出多種組織的適宜消化酶（含參考文獻，以組織類型和物種分類，詳見鏈接）
脂肪組織 | 腎上腺組織 | 骨組織 | 腦組織 |
軟骨組織 | 結腸組織 | 內皮組織 | 上皮組織 |
眼 | 心臟 | 腸 | 腎 |
肝 | 肺 | 淋巴結 | 乳腺 |
其它組織 | 其他組織 | 肌組織 | 神經組織 |
胰腺 | 腮腺 | 垂體 | 前列腺 |
生殖 | 動物鱗片 | 皮膚 | 脾臟 |
干細胞 | 胸腺 | 甲狀腺/甲狀旁腺 | 扁桃體 |
腫瘤 |
|
|
|
注：使用Worthington公司消化酶的文獻不限于上表鏈接中所列，一般而言，Worthington公司的組織消化酶可用于大多組織類型的消化。
脂肪組織消化手冊
| 物種 | 詳細來源 | 細胞名稱 | 消化用酶 | 培養基 | 參考文獻 |
| 牛 | 牛 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 40 u/ml | Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate | Yang, Y., Baldwin, R.: Preparation and Metabolism of Isolated Cells from Bovine Adipose Tissue, J Dairy Sci 56, 350, 1973 |
| 犬 | 犬 | Renal adipose derived cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.3% | DMEM | Basu, J., Genheimer, C., Sangha, N., Quinlan, S., Guthrie, K., Kelley, R., Ilagan, R., Jain, D., Bertram, T. and Ludlow, J.: Organ Specific Regenerative Markers in Peri-Organ Adipose: Kidney., Lipids Health Dis 10, 171, 2011 |
| 犬 | 犬, 20-25公斤 | Adipose stem cells | Collagenase: see reference | Media-199 | Fischer, L., McIlhenny, S., Tulenko, T., Golesorkhi, N., Zhang, P., Larson, R., Lombardi, J., Shapiro, I. and DiMuzio, P.: Endothelial Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Effects of Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement and Shear Force., J Surg Res 152, 157, 2009 |
| 犬 | 犬 | White fat | Collagenase: 0.05% | Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer | DiGirolamo, M., Mendlinger, S., and Fertig, J.W.: A Simple Method to Determine Fat Cell Size and Number in Four Mammalian Species, Am J Physiol 221, 850, 1971 |
| 馬 | 馬 | Adipose derived stem cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS | Vidal, M., Robinson, S., Lopez, M., Paulsen, D., Borkhsenious, O., Johnson, J., Moore, R. and Gimble, J.: Comparison of Chondrogenic Potential in Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow., Vet Surg 37, 713, 2008 |
| 馬 | 馬, 1-5 年 | Adipose derived stem cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS | Vidal, M., Kilroy, G., Lopez, M., Johnson, J., Moore, R. and Gimble, J.:Characterization of Equine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells: Adipogenic and Osteogenic Capacity and Comparison with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells., Vet Surg 36, 613, 2007 |
| 魚 | 魚, 大西洋鮭魚 | Preadipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | HBSS | Todorcevic, M., Vegusdal, A., Gjoen, T., Sundvold, H., Torstensen, B., Kjaer, M. and Ruyter, B.: Changes in Fatty Acids Metabolism During Differentiation of Atlantic Salmon Preadipocytes; Effects of n-3 and n-9 Fatty Acids., Biochim Biophys Acta 1781, 326, 2008 |
| 沙鼠 | 不知年代的沙鼠 | Brown fat | Collagenase Type 1: 0.10% | Bicarbonate buffer | Nedergaard, J. and Lindberg, O.: The Brown Fat Cell, Int Rev Cytol 74, 187, 1982 |
| (還有小鼠, 倉鼠, 兔, 羔羊, 豚鼠) | |||||
| 豚鼠 | 豚鼠, 成年的 | Brown fat | Collagenase Type 1: 0.10% | Bicarbonate buffer | Nedergaard, J. and Lindberg, O.: The Brown Fat Cell, Int Rev Cytol 74, 187, 1982 |
| (還有鼠, 倉鼠, 沙鼠, 兔, 羔羊) | |||||
| 倉鼠 | 成年的倉鼠 | Brown fat | Collagenase Type 1: 0.10% | Bicarbonate buffer | Nedergaard, J. and Lindberg, O.: The Brown Fat Cell, Int Rev Cytol 74, 187, 1982 |
| (還有鼠, 沙鼠, 兔, 羔羊, 豚鼠) | |||||
| 倉鼠 | 倉鼠, 5 周-12 個月 | White fat | Collagenase: 0.05% | Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer | DiGirolamo, M., Mendlinger, S., and Fertig, J.W.: A Simple Method to Determine Fat Cell Size and Number in Four Mammalian Species, Am J Physiol 221, 850, 1971 |
| 人 | 人 | Mesenchymal Stromal Cells | Collagenase Type 4: 0.2% | PBS | Choudhery,M, Badowski, M, Muise, A and Harris, D: Effect of Mild Heat Stress on the Proliferative and Differentiative Ability of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.,Cytotherapy 17, 359-68, 2015 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stem cells | Collagenase Type 2: 0.1% | HBSS | Satish, L., Krill-Burger, J., Gallo, P., Etages, S., Liu, F., Philips, B., Ravuri, S., Marra, K., LaFramboise, W., Kathju, S. and Rubin, J.: Expression Analysis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells During In Vitro Differentiation to an Adipocyte Lineage., BMC Med Genomics 8, 41, 2015 |
| 人 | 人, 女性 | Adipose Stromal | Collagenase Type 1: 0.075% | DMEM | Kinoshita, K., Kuno, S., Ishimine, H., Aoi, N., Mineda, K., Kato, H., Doi, K., Kanayama, K., Feng, J., Mashiko, T., Kurisaki, A. and Yoshimura, K.:Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived SSEA-3-Positive Muse Cells for Treating Diabetic Skin Ulcers., Stem Cells Transl Med 4, 146, 2015 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的 | Adipose derived mesenchymal stem | Collagenase Type 2: 0.1% | see reference | Al-Saqi, S., Saliem, M., Asikainen, S., Quezada, H., Ekblad, A., Hovatta, O., Le Blanc, K., Jonasson, A. and Gotherstrom, C.: Defined Serum-Free Media for In Vitro Expansion of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells., Cytotherapy 16, 915, 2014 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的 | Adipose derived stem cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.15% | DMEM | Koellensperger, E., Bollinger, N., Dexheimer, V., Gramley, F., Germann, G. and Leimer, U.: Choosing the Right Type of Serum for Different Applications of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Influence on Proliferation and Differentiation Abilities., Cytotherapy 16, 789, 2014 |
| 人 | 人 | Mesenchymal Stromal Cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS | Najar, M, Rodrigues, R, Buyl, K, Branson, S, Vanhaecke, T, Lagneaux, L, Rogiers, V and De Kock, J: Proliferative and Phenotypical Characteristics of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Comparison of Ficoll Gradient Centrifugation and Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer Treatment Purification Methods.,Cytotherapy 16, 1220-8, 2014 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose stromal stem | Collagenase animal free: 200 u/ml | DMEM/Hams F-12 | Carvalho, P., Gimble, J., Dias, I., Gomes, M. and Reis, R.: Xenofree Enzymatic Products for the Isolation of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells., Tiss Eng19, 473-8, 2013 |
| 人 | 人 | Stromal Vascular Fraction | Collagenase Type 1: 0.075% | PBS | Doi, K., Tanaka, S., Iida, H., Eto, H., Kato, H., Aoi, N., Kuno, S., Hirohi, T. and Yoshimura, K.: Stromal Vascular Fraction Isolated from Lipo-Aspirates Using an Automated Processing System: Bench and Bed Analysis., J Tissue Eng Regen Med 7, 864, 2013 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose-derived stem cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS | Cervelli, V., Scioli, M., Gentile, P., Doldo, E., Bonanno, E., Spagnoli, L. and Orlandi, A.: Plaet-Rich Plasma Greatly Potentiates Insulin-Induced Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Through a Serine/Threonine Kinase Akt-dependent Mechanism and Promotes Clinical Fat Graft Maintenance.,Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 206-20, 2012 |
| 人 | 人 | Perivascular | Collagenase Type 2: 0.1% | DMEM | James, A., Zara, J., Corselli, M., Askarinam, A., Zhou, A., Hourfar, A., Nguyen, A., Megerdichian, S., Asatrian, G., Pang, S., Stoker, D., Zhang, X., Wu, B., Ting, K., Peault, B. and Soo, C.: An Abundant Perivascular Source of Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 673, 2012 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stromal vascular | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS | Gentile, P., Orlandi, A., Scioli, M., Di Pasquali, C., Bocchini, I. and Cervelli, V.:Concise Review: Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells and Plaet-Rich Plasma: Basic and Clinical Implications for Tissue Engineering Therapies in Regenerative Surgery., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 230-6, 2012 |
| 人 | 人 | Stromal vascular, adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM | Gentile, P., Orlandi, A., Scioli, M., Di Pasquali, C., Bocchini, I., Curcio, C., Floris, M., Fiaschetti, V., Floris, R. and Cervell, V.: A Comparative Translational Study: The Combined Use of Enhanced Stromal Vascular Fraction and Plaet-Rich Plasma Improves Fat Grafting Maintenance in Breast Reconstruction., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 341-51, 2012 |
| 人 | 人 | Chorionic mesenchymal | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | MEM | Nazarov, I., Lee, J., Soupene, E., Etemad, S., Knapik, D., Green, W., Bashkirova, E., Fang, X., Matthay, M., Kuypers, F. and Serikov, V.: Multipotent Stromal Stem Cells from Human Placenta Demonstrate High Therapeutic Potential.,Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 359-72, 2012 |
| Neutral Protease: 2.5 u/ml | |||||
| Trypsin: 0.25% | |||||
| 人 | 人, 成年的 | Stromovascular | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS with BSA | Hagman, D., Kuzma, J., Larson, I., Foster-Schubert, K., Kuan, L., Cignarella, A., Geamanu, E., Makar, K., Gottlieb, J. and Kratz, M.: Characterizing and Quantifying Leukocyte Populations in Human Adipose Tissue: Impact of Enzymatic Tissue Processing., J Immunol Methods 386, 50, 2012 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stromal | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS | Naaijkens, B., Niessen, H., Prins, H., Krijnen, P., Kokhuis, T., de Jong, N,, van Hinsbergh, V., Kamp, O., Helder, M., Musters, R., van Dijk, A. and Juffermans, L.: Human Plaet Lysate as a Fetal Bovine Serum Substitute Improves Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Culture for Future Cardiac Repair Applications., Cell Tissue Res 348, 119, 2012 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stem | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM/F-12 | Wu, I., Nahas, Z., Kimmerling, K., Rosson, G. and Elisseeff, J.: An Injectable Adipose Matrix for Soft-Tissue Reconstruction., Plast Reconstr Surg 129, 1247, 2012 |
| 人 | 人, 男性 40-60歲 | Adipose derived stem cells | Collagenase: 0.25% | PBS | Blasi, A., Martino, C., Balducci, L., Saldarelli, M., Soleti, A., Navone, S., Canzi, L., Cristini, S., Invernici, G., Parati, E. and Alessandri, G.: Dermal Fibroblasts Display Similar Phenotypic and Differentiation Capacity to Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, but Differ in Anti-Inflammatory and Angiogenic Potential,Vasc Cell 3, 5, 2011 |
| Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.002% | |||||
| 人 | 人 | Renal adipose derived cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.3% | DMEM | Basu, J., Genheimer, C., Sangha, N., Quinlan, S., Guthrie, K., Kelley, R., Ilagan, R., Jain, D., Bertram, T. and Ludlow, J.: Organ Specific Regenerative Markers in Peri-Organ Adipose: Kidney., Lipids Health Dis 10, 171, 2011 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived mesenchymal | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | L-DMEM | Yang, X., He, X., He, J., Zhang, L., Su, X., Dong, Z., Xu, Y., Li, Y. and Li, YL.:High Efficient Isolation and Systematic Identification of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells., J Biomed Sci 18, 59, 2011 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stem | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM/Ham's F-12 | Yu, G. Floyd, ZE., Wu, X., Halvorsen, Y. and Gimble, J.: Isolation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Lipoaspirates., Methods Mol Biol 702, 17-27, 2011 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | RPMI | Basu, S., Haghiac, M., Surace, P., Challier, J., Guerre-Millo, M., Singh, K., Waters, T., Minium, J., Presley, L., Catalano, P. and Hauguel-de Mouzon, S.:Pregravid Obesity Associates with Increased Maternal Endotoxemia and Metabolic Inflammation., Obesity 19, 476, 2011 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | KRB | Peters, R., Wolf, M., van den Broek, M., Nuvolone, M., Dannenmann, S., Stieger, B., Rapold, R., Konrad, D., Rubin, A., Bertino, J., Aguzzi, A., Heikenwalder, M. and Knuth, A.: Efficient Generation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood in Stroma-Free Liquid Culture.,PLoS ONE 5, e15689, 2010 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose tissue-derived stem | Collagenase Type 2: 1.0% | DMEM/F12 | Tan, H., DeFail, A., Rubin, J., Chu, C. and Marra, K.: Novel Multiarm PEG-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering., J Biomed Mater Res 92, 979, 2010 |
| 人 | 人 | Stromal vascular | Collagenase Type 2: 0.1% | HBSS | Zimmerlin, L., Donnenberg, V., Pfeifer, M., Meyer, EM, Peault, B., Rubin, JP and Donnenberg, A.: Stromal Vascular Progenitors in Adult Human Adipose Tissue.,Cytometry 77, 22-30, 2010 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose stromal | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM/Hams F-12 | Yu, G., Wu, X., Dietrich, M., Polk, P., Scott, LK, Ptitsyn, A. and Gimble, J.: Yield and Characterization of Subcutaneous Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Flow Cytometric and Adipogenic mRNA Analyzes., Cytotherapy 12, 538, 2010 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.075% | DMEM | Suga, H., Eto, H., Shigeura, T., Inoue, K., Aoi, N., Kato, H., Nishimura, S., Manabe, I., Gonda, K. and Yoshimura, K.: IFATS Collection: Fibroblast Growth Factor-2-Induced Hepatocyte Growth Factor Secretion by Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Inhibits Postinjury Fibrogenesis Through a c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Dependent Mechanism., Stem Cells 27, 238, 2009 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose Stromal Cell | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM | Cai, L., Johnstone, B., Cook, T., Tan, J., Fishbein, M., Chen, P. and March, K.:IFATS Collection: Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Induce Angiogenesis and Nerve Sprouting Following Myocardial Infarction, in Conjunction with Potent Preservation of Cardiac Function., Stem Cells 27, 230, 2009 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose tissue-derived stem | Collagenase Type 2: 1.0% | DMEM/F12 | Tan, H., Ramirez, C., Miljkovic, N., Li, H., Rubin, J. and Marra, K.:Thermosensitive Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Adipose Tissue Engineering., Biomaterials 30, 6844, 2009 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stem cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM | Tandon, N., Goh, B., Marsano, A., Chao, P., Montouri-Sorrentino, C., Gimble, J. and Vunjak-Novakovic, G.: Alignment and Elongation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Response to Direct-Current Electrical Stimulation., Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009, 6517-21, 2009 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stromal cells | Collagenase Type 1: see reference | DMEM | Traktuev, D., Merfeld-Clauss, S., Li, J., Kolonin, M., Arap, W., Pasqualini, R., Johnstone, B., and March, K.: A Population of Multipotent CD34-Positive Adipose Stromal Cells Share Pericyte and Mesenchymal Surface Markers, Reside in a Periendothelial Location, and Stabilize Endothelial Networks, Circ Res 102, 77, 2008 |
| 人 | 人 | Stromal | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | PBS | Minana, M., Carbonell-Uberos, F., Mirabet, V., Marin, S. and Encabo, A.: IFATS Collection: Identification of Hemangioblasts in the Adult Human Adipose Tissue.,Stem Cells 26, 2696, 2008 |
| 人 | 人 | Stromal | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM | Nie, J., Chang, B., Traktuev, D., Sun, J., March, K., Chan, L., Sage, H., Pasqualini, R., Arap, W. and Kolonin, M.: IFATS Collection: Combinatorial Peptides Identify alpha-5 beta-1 Integrin as a Receptor for the Matricellular Protein SPARC on Adipose Stromal Cells., Stem Cells 26, 2735, 2008 |
| Neutral Protease: | |||||
| 人 | 人 | Stem Cells | Collagenase: 280 u/ml | D-PBS | Pilgaard, L., Lund, P., Rasmussen, J., Fink, T. and Zachar, V.: Comparative Analysis of Highly Defined Proteases for the Isolation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells., Regen Med 3, 705-15, 2008 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | HBSS | Bujalska Iwona J, Durrani Omar M, Abbott Joseph, Onyimba Claire U, Khosla Pamela, Moosavi Areeb H, Reuser Tristan T Q, Stewart Paul M, Tomlinson Jeremy W, Walker Elizabeth A, Rauz Saaeha: Characterisation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human orbital adipose tissue: a comparison with subcutaneous and omental fat, J Endocrinol 192, 279-88, 2007 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stromal cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.15% | DMEM | Schaffler A, Buchler C: Concise review: adipose tissue-derived stromal cells--basic and clinical implications for novel cell-based therapies, Stem Cells 25, 818-27, 2007 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipose derived stem cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM/F12 | Kilroy, G., Foster, S., Wu, X., Ruiz, J., Sherwood, S., Heifetz, A., Ludlow, J., Stricker, D., Potiny, S., Green, P., Halvorsen, Y., Cheatham, B., Storms, R. and Gimble, J.: Cytokine Profile of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Expression of Angiogenic, Hematopoietic, and Pro-Inflammatory Factors., J Cell Physiol 212, 702-9, 2007 |
| 人 | 人 | Mesenchymal stem | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | HBSS | Jeon Eun Su, Song Hae Young, Kim Mi Ra, Moon Hyun Jung, Bae Yong Chan, Jung Jin Sup, Kim Jae Ho: Sphingosylphosphorylcholine induces proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via activation of JNK, J Lipid Res 47, 653-64, 2006 |
| 人 | 人 | Preadipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 196 u/ml | M199 | Koellensperger, E., Von Heimburg, D., Markowicz, M. and Pallua, N.: Human Serum from Plaet-Poor Plasma for the Culture of Primary Human Preadipocytes.,Stem Cells 24, 1218-25, 2006 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipocytes, stromal vascular | Collagenase: 0.2% | HBSS | Boquest Andrew C, Shahdadfar Aboulghassem, Fronsdal Katrine, Sigurjonsson Olafur, Tunheim Siv H, Collas Philippe, Brinchmann Jan E:Isolation and transcription profiling of purified uncultured human stromal stem cells: alteration of gene expression after in vitro cell culture, Mol Biol Cell 16, 1131-41, 2005 |
| 人 | 人 | Multipotent adipose derived stem | Collagenase: 0.2% | DMEM | Rodriguez Anne-Marie, Pisani Didier, Dechesne Claude A, Turc-Carel Claude, Kurzenne Jean-Yves, Wdziekonski Brigitte, Villageois Albert, Bagnis Claude, Breittmayer Jean-Philippe, Groux Herve, Ailhaud Gerard, Dani Christian:Transplantation of a multipotent cell population from human adipose tissue induces dystrophin expression in the immunocompetent mdx mouse, J Exp Med 201, 1397-405, 2005 |
| 人 | 人 | 成年的 stem cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | PBS | Devireddy, R., Thirumala, S. and Gimble, J.: Cellular Response of Adipose Derived Passage-4 Adult Stem Cells to Freezing Stress., J Biomech Eng 127, 1081, 2005 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的 , 肥胖的 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 2: 0.1% | DMEM/F12 | Seboek, D., Linscheid, P., Zulewski, H., Langer, I., Christ-Crain, M., Keller, U., and Muller, B.: Somatostatin Is Expressed and Secreted by Human Adipose Tissue Upon Infection and Inflammation, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(10), 4833, 2004 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的, 女性 | Preadipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | DMEM/F-12 | Quickler, M., Sinha, B., Tomlinson, J., Bujalska, I., Stewart, P., Arlt, W.,:Androgen generation in adipose tissue in women with simple obesity--a site-specific role for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5, J Endocrinol 183, 331, 2004 |
| 人 | 人,成年的 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.13% | see reference | Fain JN, Madan AK, Hiler ML, Cheema P, and Bahouth SW.: Comparison of the release of adipokines by adipose tissue, adipose tissue matrix, and adipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues of obese humans,Endocrinology 145, 2273, 2004 |
| 人 | 人 | Stromal vascular, adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.2% | DMEM/F12 | Planat-Benard Valerie, Silvestre Jean-Sebastien, Cousin Beatrice, Andre Mireille, Nibbelink Maryse, Tamarat Radia, Clergue Michel, Manneville Carole, Saillan-Barreau Corinne, Duriez Micheline, Tedgui Alain, Levy Bernard, Penicaud Luc, Casteilla Louis: Plasticity of human adipose lineage cells toward endothelial cells: physiological and therapeutic perspectives, Circulation 109, 656-63, 2004 |
| 人 | 人 | Stromal vascular, adipocytes, stem | Collagenase: 300 u/ml | PBS | Miranville A, Heeschen C, Sengenes C, Curat CA, Busse R, Bouloumie A:Improvement of postnatal neovascularization by human adipose tissue-derived stem cells, Circulation 110, 349-55, 2004 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的, 女性, 非糖尿病的 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 2: 0.05% | DMEM | Gesta, S., Lolmede, K., Daviaud, D., Berlan, M., Bouloumie, A., Lafontan, M., Valet, P., and Saulnier-Blache, J.: Culture of human adipose tissue explants leads to profound alteration of adipocyte gene expression, Horm Metab Res 35, 158, 2003 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: see reference | Saline | Patwardhan, R., Tubbs, R., Leonard, R., Kelly, D., Killingsworth, C., Rollins, D., Smith, W., Ideker, R., and Oakes, W.: Discernment of Adipose versus Nervous Tissue: A Novel Adjunct Solution in Lipomyelomeningocele Surgery, Ped Neurosurg 36, 314, 2002 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的, 男性和女性 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | DMEM/F12 | McTernan, P., Anderson, L., Anwar, A., Eggo, M., Crocker, J., Barnett, A., Stewart, P., and Kumar, S.: Glucocorticoid Regulation of P450 Aromatase Activity in Human Adipose Tissue: Gender and Site Differences, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87, 1327, 2002 |
| 人 | 人 | Processed lipoaspi鼠e cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.075% | PBS | Zuk Patricia A, Zhu Min, Ashjian Peter, De Ugarte Daniel A, Huang Jerry I, Mizuno Hiroshi, Alfonso Zeni C, Fraser John K, Benhaim Prosper, Hedrick Marc H: Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells, Mol Biol Cell 13, 4279-95, 2002 |
| 人 | 人 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | HBSS | McTernan PG, Anwar A, Eggo MC, Barnett AH, Stewart PM, Kumar S: Gender differences in the regulation of P450 aromatase expression and activity in human adipose tissue, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24, 875-81, 2000 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的, 男性和女性 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM/Ham's F-12 | Gottschling-Zelle, H., Birgel, M., Scriba, D., Blum, W., and Hauner, H.: Depot-specific Release of Leptin from Subcutaneous and Omental Adipocytes in Suspension Culture: Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Transforming Growth Factor-beta1, Eur J Endocrinol 141 (4), 436, 1999 |
| 人 | 人, 成年的, 男性和女性 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM/F12 | Zhang, H., Kumar, S., Barnett, A., and Eggo, M.: Intrinsic Site-Specific Differences in the Expression of Leptin in Human Adipocytes and Its Autocrine Effects on Glucose Uptake, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84, 2550, 1999 |
| 人 | 人, 非糖尿病的, 男性 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.05% | Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer | Anderson, O., Gliemann, J., and Gammeltoft: Receptor Binding and Biological Effect of Insulin in Human Adipocytes, Diabetologia 13, 589, 1977 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | Adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.1% | Krebs | Jang, H., Bhasin, S., Guarneri, T., Serra, C., Schneider, M., Lee, M., Guo, W., Fried, S., Pencina, K. and Jasuja, R.: The Effects of A Single Developmentally-Entrained Pulse of Testosterone in Female Neonatal Mice On Reproductive and Metabolic Functions in Adult Life., Endocrinology , EN20151117, 2015 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, 20 周 | Stromal Vascular | Collagenase Type 2: 0.2% | RPMI-1640 | Kondo, T, Toyoshima, Y., Ishii, Y and Kyuwa, S.: Natural Killer T Cells in Adipose Tissue are Activated in Lean Mice., Exp Anim 62, 319, 2013 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | Adipose derived stem | Collagenase Type 2: 0.1% | DMEM | Takahashi, H., Haraguchi, N., Nishikawa, S., Miyazaki, S., Suzuki, Y., Mizushima, T., Nishimura, J., Takemasa, I., Yamamoto, H., Mimori, K., Ishii, H., Doki, Y. and Mori, M.: Biological and Clinical Availability of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Pelvic Dead Space Repair., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 803, 2012 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | Stem and progenitor | Collagenase Type 2: 0.2% | HBSS | Han, J., Koh, Y., Moon, H., Ryoo, H., Cho, C., Kim, I. and Koh, G.: Adipose Tissue is an Extramedullary Reservoir for Functional Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells., Blood 115, 957, 2010 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, 3 周 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | HBSS | De Matteis, R., Zingaretti, M., Murano, I., Vitali, A., Frontini, A., Giannulis, I., Barbali, G., Marcucci, F., Bordicchia, M., Sarzani, R., Raviola, E. and Cinti, S.:In Vivo Physiological Transdifferentiation of Adult Adipose Cells., Stem Cells 27, 2761, 2009 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | White adipocytes | Collagenase Type 2: 0.1% | DMEM | Wong, K., Szeto, F, Zhang, W., Ye, H., Kong, J., Zhang, Z., Sun, X. and Li, Y:Involvement of the Vitamin D Receptor in Energy Metabolism: Regulation of Uncoupling Proteins., Am J Physiol/Endo 296, 820, 2009 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | Adipose Stromal Cell | Collagenase Type 2: 0.075% | DMEM | Thangarajah, H., Vial, I., Chang, E., El-Ftesi, S., Januszyk, M., Chang, E., Paterno, J., Neofytou, E., Longaker, M. and Gurtner, G.: IFATS Collection: Adipose Stromal Cells Adopt a Proangiogenic Phenotype Under the Influence of Hypoxia., Stem Cells 27, 266, 2009 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | Adipose tissue-derived stem | Collagenase Type 1: 0.075% | Modified Eagles | Cho, K., Park, H., Park, H., Jung, J., Jeon, S., Kim, Y. and Roh, H.: IFATS Collection: Immunomodulatory Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in an Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model., Stem Cells 27, 259-65, 2009 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, C57Bl/6J | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.15% | DMEM/F12 | Aoyagi T, Shimba S, Tezuka M: Characteristics of Circadian Gene Expressions in Mice White Adipose Tissue and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes, J Health Sci 51, 21, 2005 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, 3-6 天 和 2-3 個月 | Adipose-derived stromal cells | Collagenase Type 2: 0.075% | PBS | Cowan Catherine M, Shi Yun-Ying, Aalami Oliver O, Chou Yu-Fen, Mari Carina, Thomas Romy, Quarto Natalina, Contag Christopher H, Wu Benjamin, Longaker Michael T: Adipose-derived adult stromal cells heal critical-size mouse calvarial defects, Nat Biotechnol 22, 560-7, 2004 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | Stromal vascular, adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.2% | DMEM/F12 | Planat-Benard Valerie, Silvestre Jean-Sebastien, Cousin Beatrice, Andre Mireille, Nibbelink Maryse, Tamarat Radia, Clergue Michel, Manneville Carole, Saillan-Barreau Corinne, Duriez Micheline, Tedgui Alain, Levy Bernard, Penicaud Luc, Casteilla Louis: Plasticity of human adipose lineage cells toward endothelial cells: physiological and therapeutic perspectives, Circulation 109, 656-63, 2004 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, C57BL/6J and FVB, 雄性, 8-9 周 | Adipocytes | Collagenase: see reference | DMEM | Ruan, H., Zarnowski, MJ., Cushman, S., and Lodish, H.: Standared Isolation of Primary Adipose Cells from Mouse Epididymal Fat Pads Induces Inflammatory Mediators and Down-regulates Adipocyte Genes, J Biol Chem 278, 47585, 2003 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, 雌雄合計 | Adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.05% | Krebs-Ringer Phosphate HEPES (KRPH) | Nadler, S., Stoehr, J., Rabaglia, M., Schueler, K., Birnbaum, M., and Attie, A.:Normal Akt/PKB with Reduced PI3K Activation in Insulin-resistant Mice, Am J Physiol/Endo 281, E1249, 2001 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, B6D2F1,雜交子代,新西蘭黑 雌性 & 新西蘭黑 雄性 | Vascular endothelial | Collagenase: 0.2% | PBS | Launder, T., Gegen, N., Knedler, A., and Harbeck, R.: The Isolation and Characterization of Enriched Microvascular Endothelial Cells From Mouse Adipose Tissue, J Immunol Methods 102, 45, 1987 |
| 豬 | 豬, 雌性, 一年以下 | Adipose mesenchymal stem | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM | Williams, K., Picou, A., Kish, S., Giraldo, A., Godke, R. and Bondioli, K: Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Adipose Tissue-Derived Adult Stem Cells., Cells Tissues Organs 188, 251, 2008 |
| 豬 | 豬, 雜交繁育, 雄性 1-4 天 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | DMEM/F12 | Ramsay, T.G.: Porcine Leptin Inhibits Lipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes, J Anim Sci 81, 3008, 2003 |
| 豬 | 豬, 雜交繁育的 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.067% | Krebs-Ringer | Liang, W. and Mills, S.: Quantitative Analysis of beta-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Pig Tissues., J Anim Sci 80, 963-70, 2002 |
| 豬 | 豬, 8-9 周 | Adipose | Collagenase Type 1: 300 u/ml | HEPES | Ding, S., McNeel, R., and Mersmann, H.: Expression of Porcine Adipocyte Transcripts: Tissue Distribution and Differentiation In Vitro and In Vivo, Comp Biochem Physiol B 123, 307, 1999 |
| 豬 | 豬, 初生 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.3% | Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate albumin | Wang Y, Fried SK, Petersen RN, Schoknecht PA: Somatotropin regulates adipose tissue metabolism in neonatal swine, J Nutr 129, 139-45, 1999 |
| 豬 | 豬, 雜交繁育, 1-3 天 | Adipose, Stromal-vascular | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | DMEM/F12 | Suryawan, A., Swanson, L., and Hu, C.: Insulin and Hydrocortisone, But Not Triiodothyronine, Are Required for the Differentiation of Pig Preadipocytes in Primary Culture, J Anim Sci 75, 105, 1997 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠 | Mesenchymal Stem Cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.075% | DMEM | Emre, E, Yuksel, N, Duruksu, G, Pirhan, D, Subasi, C, Erman, G and Karaoz, E:Neuroprotective Effects of Intravitreally Transplanted Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Experimental Ocular Hypertension Model., Cytotherapy 17, 543-59, 2015 |
| 小鼠 | 小鼠, SD, 5 個月 | Mesenchymal Stromal Cells | Collagenase Type 2: 0.075% | DMEM | Veronesi, F, Torricelli, P, Della, B, Pagani, S and Fini, M: In Vitro Mutual Interaction Between Tenocytes and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.,Cytotherapy 17, 215-23, 2015 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.3% | Krebs-Ringer | Ogasawara, J., Izawa, T., Sakurai, T., Shirato, K., Ishibashi, Y., Ohira, Y., Ishida, H., Ohno, H. and Kizaki, T.: Habitual Exercise Training Acts as a Physiological Stimulator for Constant Activation of Lipolytic Enzymes in Rat Primary White Adipocytes., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 464, 348-53, 2015 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, 成年的 | Stromal vascular | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | PBS | Leblanc, A., Nguyen, Q., Touroo, J., Aird, A., Chang, R., Ng, C., Hoying, J. and Williams, S.: Adipose-derived Cell Construct Stabilizes Heart Function and Increases Microvascular Perfusion in an Established Infarct., Stem Cells Transl Med2, 896-905, 2013 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, 雄性, 300g | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 2: 0.33% | RPMI 1640 | Thompson, A., Nunez, M., Davidson, R., Horm, T., Schnittker, K., Hart, M., Suarez, A. and Tsao, T.: Mitigation of Isolation-Associated Adipocyte Interleukin-6 Secretion Following Rapid Dissociation of Adipose Tissue., J Lipid Res 53, 2797, 2012 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, 路易斯, 雄性 | Renal adipose derived cells | Collagenase Type 1: 0.3% | DMEM | Basu, J., Genheimer, C., Sangha, N., Quinlan, S., Guthrie, K., Kelley, R., Ilagan, R., Jain, D., Bertram, T. and Ludlow, J.: Organ Specific Regenerative Markers in Peri-Organ Adipose: Kidney., Lipids Health Dis 10, 171, 2011 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, E18 | Neurons | Papain: 0.05% | Neurobasal | Giacomello, M., Girardi, S., Scorzeto, M., Peruffo, A., Maschietto, M., Cozzi, B. and Vassanelli, S.: Stimulation of Ca?+ Signals in Neurons by Electrically Coupled Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitors., J Neurosci Methods 198, 1, 2011 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, SD, 初生 | Brown adipocytes | Collagenase Type 4: 0.1% | PBS | Liu, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., Lin, Q., Wang, Y., Duan, C., Wu, K. and Wang, C.: Efficient Isolation of Cardiac Stem Cells from Brown Adipose., J Biomed Biotechnol 2010, 104296, 2010 |
| Neutral Protease: 0.1% | |||||
| Trypsin: 0.05% | |||||
| 大鼠 | 大鼠 | Adipose Derived Stem | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | DMEM | Wei, X., Du, Z., Zhao, L., Feng, D., Wei, G., He, Y., Tan, J., Lee, W., Hampel, H., Dodel, R., Johnstone, B., March, K., Farlow, M. and Du, Y.: IFATS Collection: The Conditioned Media of Adipose Stromal Cells Protect Against Hypoxia-Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage In Neonatal Rats., Stem Cells 27, 478, 2009 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠 | Adipose tissue-derived stem | Collagenase Type 2: 0.075% | DMEM | Tomiyama, K., Murase, N., Stolz, D., Toyokawa, H., O'Donnell, D., Smith, D., Dudas, J., Rubin, J. and Marra, K.: Characterization of Transplanted Green Fluorescent Protein+ Bone Marrow Cells Into Adipose Tissue., Stem Cells 26, 330, 2008 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, 大鼠肉瘤, 4 周 | Adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.2% | Ham's F12 | Aoki, S., Toda, S., Sakemi, T., and Sugihara, H.: Coculture of Endothelial Cells and Mature Adipocytes Actively Promotes Immature Preadipocyte Development In Vitro, Cell Struct Funct 28, 55, 2003 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, SD | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 1: 0.2% | KRHB | Mora, S., Yang, C., Ryder, J., Boeglin, D and Pessin, J: The MEF2A and MEF2D Isoforms are Differentially Regulated in Muscle and Adipose Tissue during States of Insulin Deficiency, Endocrinology 142, 1999, 2001 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, SD, 雄性, 4-7周 | Brown adipocytes | Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.5% | DMEM | Omatsu-Kanbe, M., and Matsuura, H.: Inhibition of Store-operated Ca2+ Entry by Extracellular ATP in Rat Brown Adipocytes, J Physiol 521 (3), 601, 1999 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠 | Adipocytes | Collagenase Type 2: 0.2% | DMEM /F-12 | Serrero, G: Primary Culture in Defined Medium of Adipocyte Precursors,Cell & Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures Vol. 1,Doyle, A., Griffiths, J., and Newell, D., John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 11B:6.1, 1995 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, SD, 雄性, 130-160 克 | Adipose | Collagenase: 0.3% | Kreb's-Ringer bicarbonate buffer modified | Charron, M.J. and Kahn, B.B.: Divergent Molecular Mechanisms for Insulin-Resistant Glucose Transport in Muscle and Adipose Cells In Vivo, J Biol Chem 265, 7994, 1990 |
| Epididymal fat pads | |||||
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, 3 天 | Preadipocytes | Collagenase Type 3: 0.10% | Parker Medium 199 | Gaben-Cogneville, A., Poussin, B., Chamblier, M., Forgue-Fafitte, M., and Rosselin, G.: Development of Insulin and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors During the Differentiation of Rat Preadipocytes in Primary Culture, Biochim Biophys Acta 968, 231, 1988 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, SD, 不同的重量和年齡 | Brown adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.2% | Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer | Woodward, Julie A. and Saggerson, E.: Effect of Adenosine Deaminase, N6-Phenylisopropyladenosine and Hypothroidism on the Responsiveness of Rat Brown Adipocytes to Noradrenaline, Biochem J 238, 395, 1986 |
| Interscapular & cervical depots | Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.3% | ||||
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, CD, 雄性, 150-200克 | Adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.1% | Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer | Pessin, J.E., Gitomer, W., Oka, Y., Oppenheimer, C.L., and Czech, M.P.: ?-Adrenergic Regulation of Insulin and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Rat Adipocytes, J Biol Chem 258, 7386, 1983 |
| Epididymal fat pads | |||||
| 大鼠 | 大鼠,大鼠肉瘤, 白化病, 雄性, 100-140 g | Adipocytes | Collagenase: 0.3% | Kreb's Ringer | Green, A. and Newsholme, E.: Sensitivity of Glucose Uptake and Lipolysis of White Adipocytes of the Rat to Insulin and Effects of Some Metabolites, Biochem J180, 365, 1979 |
| Epididymal-fat pads | |||||
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, 菲舍爾, 344, 雄性, 9 - 13 周 | White fat | Collagenase: 0.3% | Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer | Stiles, J.W., Francendese, A.A. and Masoro, E.J.: Influence of Age on Size and Number of Fat Cells in the Epididymal Depot, Am J Physiol 229, 1561, 1975 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, 大鼠肉瘤, 雄性, 5 周-16 個月 | White fat | Collagenase: 0.05% | Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer | DiGirolamo, M., Mendlinger, S., and Fertig, J.W.: A Simple Method to Determine Fat Cell Size and Number in Four Mammalian Species, Am J Physiol 221, 850, 1971 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠 (CFE), 白化病, 雌性 | Brown fat | Collagenase Type 1: 0.10% | Bicarbonate buffer | Fain, J., Reed, N., and Saperstein, R.: Isolation and Metabolism of Brown Fat Cells, J Biol Chem 242, 1887, 1967 |
| 大鼠 | 大鼠, SD, 雄性, 160-210 克 | Fat | Collagenase: 0.3% | Albumin-bicarbonate buffer | Rodbell, M.: Metabolism of Isolated Fat Cells. I. Effects of Hormones on Glucose Metabolism and Lipolysis, J Biol Chem 239 (2), 375, 1964 |
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